Railroad and county map of Washington, (1889)

Railroad and county map of Washington, (1889)

Washington (State) -- Maps.<br>Railroads -- Washington (State) -- Maps.

1 map : col. ; 40 x 55 cm.<br>Relief shown by hachures.<br>Shows counties, cities and railroads. <br>Scale ca. 1:1,300,000.<br>George F. Cram, a Union soldier who fought in Sherman's Army during the Civil War, returned home in 1867 to Evanston, Illinois to begin a map and atlas company with his uncle, Rufus Blanchard. By 1875, Cram owned his own publishing company in Chicago and soon rose to success by using a wax engraving process (such as perfected by the Rand McNally Company, his greatest competitor). Invented in 1834 by Richard Cary Morse and Henry A. Munson, the wax engraving process--also known as "cerography"--was not patented until 1848. This allowed for many engravers to perfect their own version of the method. Among them was the Rand McNally Co., which began printing maps in 1872, using a combination of Morse's wax process and electrotyping. <br>Invented in Russia, 1839 by a German named Jacobi, electrotyping took wax engraving one step further by coating the surface with a substance such as graphite (electrically conductive) and then submerging it all into an electrolytic bath and copper coating. When ready, the wax was then removed and the copper plate became the template for printing. While of less quality than lithography, it also cost less. By the 1890s most American publishing houses used this wax process. <br>Cram retired in 1921, selling out to the National Map Company. In 1928, the company returned to the Cram name and it has continued in business to this day.

George F. Cram Company.

University of Washington Libraries Map Collection.<br>Manuscripts, Archives, and Special Collections, WSU Libraries

Chicago : George F. Cram.

1889

University of Washington Libraries Map Collection

This image may be freely downloaded and used. Please give credit to the University of Washington Libraries.

In Cram's standard American atlas of the world : accompanied by a complete and simple index of the United States showing the true location of all railroads, towns, villages and post offices [p.238-239]

image/jpeg

English

Maps

uwm55<br>G1019.C7 1889 map 1<br> wsu 335

Washington (State)